
Domain 7 Exam.
A minimum of 70% is required to pass.
#1. Which of the following technologies can be used to logically combine physically disparate groups of systems and help provide immunity to failure while also helping with scalability?
〇:Clustering
Clustering is a fault-tolerant server technology in which servers are redundantly analogous. A server cluster is a group of servers that can be logically interpreted by users as one server and managed as a single logical system. Clustering provides availability and scalability. It helps to provide immunity to this group, physically distinct systems and failure and improved performance.
The problem statement is phrased in a difficult sentence. It would be difficult to derive the exact specific words from the phrase “logically coupled with a physically distinct group of systems.” In such questions, it is useful to use a process of elimination to derive options from the words that would be the point of the question. From the latter part, “technology that helps provide immunity to failure while also helping with scalability,” we can see that it is something that is both fault-tolerant and scalable. Fault tolerance alone does not narrow down the choices, but in terms of scalability features, clustering falls into this category. Therefore, the correct answer is “clustering.
×:Disk dupe
There is no such term. When presented with a seemingly incomprehensible sentence, you may consider the possibility that it is a word you probably do not know, given the time limit.
×:RAID
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent/Inexpensive Disks) is a technology for operating multiple hard disks as a single hard disk. It has a mechanism to improve physical redundancy by how the data to be recorded is written to the hard disks. This is not a technology system that ensures scalability.
×:Virtualization
Virtualization is a technology that makes it appear as if multiple operating systems are running on the system. Or, it is an environment that enables the construction of a real environment through simulation-like operations surrounding them. While virtualized environments allow for the construction of environments that provide fault tolerance and scalability, they do not match the operation of logically combining them with physically different groups of systems.
#2. Server cluster configurations are taken for critical applications, but what functions are achieved by this configuration?
Clustering is designed for fault tolerance. It is often combined with load balancing, but they are essentially separate. Clustering can make an operation active/active. On top of that, the load balancing feature handles traffic from multiple servers. Active/passive, on the other hand, has a designated primary active server and a secondary passive server, with the passive sending keep-alives or heartbeats every few seconds.
#3. You are selecting a site for a new data center and offices. Which of the following is not a valid security concern?
Greenfield is undeveloped land that has not yet been built upon. The perspectives for selecting a site as a data center site include topography, utilities, and public safety.
- Topography refers to the physical shape of the landscape-hills, valleys, trees, streams.
- Utility refers to the degree to which power and internet in the area are reliable.
- Public safety is in terms of how high is the crime rate in the area and how close is the police force.
#4. John provides a weekly report to the manager outlining security incidents and mitigation procedures. If there is no incident information to put on the report, what action should he take?
〇:Send a report labeled “No output”.
If there is nothing to report (nothing to report), you need to make sure the manager is aware that the report has no information and is not only to be held accountable.
×:Send an email notifying the manager that there is nothing to report.
It is not appropriate to suddenly keep a record of the report by e-mail, since the report is normally scheduled to be reported in the operation. Realistically, wouldn’t you be more endearing to your manager if you communicated with him or her every step of the way? No, I am not asking you to do that.
×:Re-submit last week’s report and submit the date of last week’s report as this week’s date.
Delivering last week’s report does not express that nothing was reported this week.
×:Nothing.
You are required to report that nothing happened.
#5. Different levels of RAID determine the type of activity that occurs within a RAID system. Which level of RAID is associated with byte-level parity?
〇:RAID Level 3
RAID redundant arrays provide fault tolerance capability for hard drives and can improve system performance. Redundancy and speed are provided by splitting data and writing it to multiple disks, allowing different disk heads to operate simultaneously to retrieve requested information. At this time, recovery data is also created. This is called parity; if one disk fails, the parity data can be used to reconstruct the corrupted or lost information. Different levels of RAID systems experience different activities that provide fault tolerance or improved performance. RAID level 3 is a method that uses byte-level striping and dedicated parity disks.
×:RAID Level 0
Wrong because only striping occurs at level 0.
×:RAID Level 5
RAID 5 is incorrect because it uses block-level striping and interleaved parity on all disks.
×:RAID Level 10
Level 10 is incorrect because it is associated with striping and mirroring.
#6. Which of the following is not a common component as a step to change configuration management?
A structured change management process must be established to direct staff to make appropriate configuration changes. Standard procedures keep the process under control and ensure that it can be implemented in a predictable manner. Change management policies should include procedures for requesting changes, approving changes, documenting, testing and viewing changes, implementing, and reporting changes to management. The configuration management change control process is not typically associated with service level agreement approvals.
#7. The Recovery Time Objective (RTO) and the Maximum Tolerable Downtime (MTD) metric have similar roles, but their values are defined differently. Which of the following best describes the difference between RTO and MTD metrics?
MTD represents the time it takes to signify severe and irreparable damage to the reputation and bottom line of an organization; RTO values are smaller than MTD values; RTO assumes that there is a period of acceptable downtime.
#8. As a security administrator, you are dealing with a virus infection. One day, your antivirus application detects that a file is infected with a dangerous virus. Disinfecting that file may damage the normal file contents themselves. What action should you take?
〇:Restore the virus unpatched file version from the backup media.
The best practice is to install an unpatched, uninfected version of the file from the backup media. It is important to restore files that are known to be clean, as attempts to remove the files may corrupt them. The most important thing is not to spread the impact, but attempting to unilaterally delete files may make them unavailable for later investigation.
×:Replace the file with the file saved the previous day.
The file saved the previous day may also contain the virus.
×:Delete the file and contact the vendor.
This is an incorrect answer because the condition of this question is that if the file is deleted, the normal file content itself may be damaged.
×:Back up the data and delete the file.
This is an incorrect answer because backing up the data that contains the virus and deleting the file does not result in a clean situation.
#9. Which of the following backup types does NOT clear the archive bit of the Windows system?
Archive bits are those that have been updated since the previous backup point in time. Full backups are full backups, so there is no need to be aware of where changes have occurred. Incremental backups also do not require awareness of change points because the backup portion is predetermined. Therefore, both clear the archive bit. However, differential backups do not clear the archive bit because only the changed part is known to be backed up.
#10. What is remote journaling as part of a fault tolerance strategy?
Remote journaling means that a transaction log file, not the file itself, is sent remotely. A transaction is one or more update operations performed on a file. In other words, it is a history of updates to a file. This means that if the original file is lost, it can be reconstructed from the transaction log.
#11. Which of the following adequately describes parallel testing in disaster recovery testing?
〇:Ensure that some systems are executed at the alternate site.
Parallel testing compares how some systems run at the alternate site and how the results are processed at the primary site. This is to assure that systems run at the alternate site and does not affect service productivity.
×:All departments will be sent a copy of the disaster recovery plan for completeness.
This alternative is incorrect because it describes a checklist test.
×:Representatives from each department meet to validate the plan.
This option is incorrect because it describes a structured walk-through test.
×:The normal operation system is taken down.
This option is incorrect because it describes a full interruption test.
#12. After a disaster has occurred, an impact assessment must be performed. Which of the following steps is the last one performed in an impact assessment?
〇:Declare the impact and consequences of the disaster.
The final step in the damage assessment is to declare the disaster. After the information from the damage assessment has been collected and evaluated, determine if the BCP actually needs to be activated. The BCP coordinator and team should determine the activation criteria before the disaster occurs.
×:Determine the cause of the disaster.
Determining the cause of the disaster is incorrect as it is the first step in the damage assessment process.
×:Identify resources that need to be replaced immediately.
Incorrect because identifying resources that need to be replaced immediately is not the last step in damage assessment.
×:Determine how long it will take to bring critical functions back online.
Incorrect because determining how long it will take to bring critical functions back online is the second-to-last step in damage assessment.
#13. Which of the following plans would you use to organize information about specific system hardware?
Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP) is the process of creating short-term plans, policies, procedures, and tools to enable the recovery or continuation of critical IT systems in the event of a disaster. It focuses on the IT systems that support critical business functions and how they will be restored after a disaster. For example, it considers what to do if you suffer a distributed denial of service (DDOS) attack, if your servers are compromised, if there is a power outage, etc. BCP is more focused on what should happen and does not necessarily include system requirements.
#14. Which of the following plans is intended to establish a senior management or post-disaster headquarters?
〇:Continuity of Operations Plan
A continuity of operations plan (COOP) establishes senior management and post-disaster headquarters. It also outlines roles and authorities and individual role tasks.Creating a COOP begins with an assessment of how the organization operates to identify mission-critical staff, resources, procedures, and equipment. Suppliers, partners, and contractors identify other companies with whom they routinely interact and create a list of these companies. Therefore, the correct answer is the Continuity of Operations Plan.
×:Cyber Incident Response Plan
Cyber Incident Recovery is a plan for recovery from a cyber attack.
×:Crew Emergency Plan
A Crew Emergency Plan is a plan for the smooth transition of a facility’s staff to a secure environment.
×:IT Contingency Plan
A contingency plan is a plan that outlines the measures to be taken in the event of an accident, disaster, or other emergency.
#15. RAID systems are available in a variety of methods that provide redundancy and performance. Which ones write data divided across multiple drives?
〇:Striping
RAID redundant arrays is a technology used for redundancy and performance. It combines multiple physical disks and aggregates them into a logical array; RAID appears as a single drive to applications and other devices. With striping, data is written to all drives. With this activity, data is split and written to multiple drives. Since multiple heads are reading and writing data at the same time, write and read performance is greatly improved.
×:Parity
Parity is used to reconstruct corrupted data.
×:Mirroring
Writing data to two drives at once is called mirroring.
×:Hot Swap
Hot swap refers to a type of disk found on most RAID systems. A RAID system with hot-swap disks allows the drives to be swapped out while the system is running. When a drive is swapped out or added, parity data is used to rebuild the data on the new disk that was just added.
#16. Measuring the damage and recovery requirements by different indicators helps quantify the risk. which is correct about the RPO (Recovery Point Objective) and RTO (Recovery Time Objective)?
RPO (Recovery Point Objective) is the target value for recovering data at a point in the past when a failure occurs. When a failure occurs, the data currently handled is lost. The lost data must be recovered from backups, but it is important to know how far in the past the backups are from the current point in time.
RTO (Recovery Time Objective) is a target value that defines when the data should be recovered in the event of a failure. In the event of a failure, the service must not be unavailable indefinitely. Failure response procedures and disaster drills must be implemented to establish a target value for the time from the occurrence of a failure to the startup of service.
#17. The operations team is responsible for ensuring that data is backed up at a regular frequency. Which of the following backs up files that have changed since the last time all data was backed up?
〇:Differential Backup
Backups can be taken in full, differential, or incremental. Most files are not changed daily to save very much time and resources, and it is better to develop a backup plan that does not back up for data that is not continually changing. In backup software, when a file is modified or created, the file system sets the archive bit and the backup software determines if that file should be backed up. A differential backup backs up files that have changed since the last full backup.
×:Incremental Backup
An incremental backup backs up all data that has changed since the last backup.
×:Full Backup
A full backup backs up the entire database or the entire system.
×:Partial Backup
Not in the backup category.
#18. What type of disaster is an earthquake classified as?
Disasters are classified by cause into natural, human, and environmental categories. Natural disasters are natural, human errors are human, and facilities and equipment are environmental.
#19. Which formulas are used in a Business Impact Analysis (BIA) assessment?
#20. Which of the following is the average time it takes to fix and return a broken device?
〇:MTTR
Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) is the average time it takes to repair a device and return it to pre-failure production. Using a redundant array as an example, MTTR is the time it takes to replace the failed drive after the actual failure is noticed and the time the redundant array has completed rewriting the information on the new drive. Therefore, the correct answer is MTTR.
×:SLA
Service Level Agreements (SLA) are agreements on service quality, such as usage volume and failure recovery.
×:Hot Swap
Hot swapping refers to replacing, attaching, or disconnecting parts, cables, etc. while equipment is still in operation.
×:MTBF
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is the average time it takes for a device to fail after repair.