〇：LAND attack

A LAND attack is an attack that penetrates firewalls that block bad requests; it is similar to the Fraggle attack, but it sends a request to the firewall with the sender as the target of the attack. This is a blind spot because the firewall, which is supposed to protect the inside of the system, is used for the attack.

×：Teardrop

Teardrop is an attack that halts the system by forging the offset of IP packets before they are split.

×：Christmas Tree Attack

A Christmas tree attack is an attack in which a packet is sent with a number of flags (URG, ACK, PSH, RST, SYN, FIN) and the response is observed.

×：CHARGEN attack

CHARGEN (port 19) is a protocol that returns an appropriate string.

Onion routing is characterized by multiple layers of encryption because encryption is applied each time it passes through a router. However, there is no security feature at the final router because all encryption is decrypted at the final point of the router and becomes plaintext.

Application firewalls target Layer 7 of the OSI. The main advantage of an application firewall is its ability to understand specific applications and protocols. Packets are not decrypted until Layer 6, so Layer 7 can see the entire packet. Other firewalls can only inspect the packet, not the payload. It can detect if an unwanted application or service is trying to bypass the firewall by using a protocol on an allowed port, or if the protocol is being used in a malicious manner.

Each IPSec VPN device will have at least one security association (SA) for each secure connection it uses; the SA, which is critical to the IPSec architecture, is the device’s need to support IPSec connections over VPN connections This is a record of the configuration that needs to be in place.

Ethernet is a way of communication used for local area networks; LANs and such communicate over Ethernet. In other words, most communication is now done over Ethernet.

〇：Teardrop

Teardrop is an attack to bring a system to a halt by forging the offset of IP packets when they are returned before splitting.

×：Fraggle attack

Fraggle attack is an attack that uses the CHARGEN function to generate an appropriate string.

×：CHARGEN attack

There is no attack with such a name.

×：War Driving

Wardriving is the act of driving around a city looking for vulnerable wireless LAN access points.

〇：IP Session Restriction via Media Gateway

The VoIP Media Gateway translates Internet Protocol (VoIP) voice over time division multiplexing (TDM) voice to and from. As a security measure, the number of calls through the Media Gateway should be limited. The Media Gateway is vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks, hijacking, and other types of attacks.

×：Identification of Rogue Devices  

Incorrect, as rogue devices on both IP telephony and data networks need to be identified.

×：Implementation of Authentication

Incorrect because authentication is recommended for both data and voice networks.

×：Encryption of packets containing sensitive information

Incorrect because sensitive data can be transmitted over either voice or data networks and must be encrypted in both cases. Eavesdropping is a very real threat for VoIP networks.

〇：The use of IM can be stopped by simply blocking certain ports on the network firewall.

Instant messaging (IM) allows people to communicate with each other via real-time and personal chat room types. These technologies will have the ability to transfer files. Users install an IM client and are assigned a unique identifier; they provide this unique identifier to anyone they wish to communicate with via IM. ineffective.

Another way to answer the question is to say that the question itself confirms our understanding of security, and then we can lay down the assumption that “should not be included in the presentation” means that we should not say anything that will later be held liable. There will be far more events that indicate that there is a possibility than events that say there is no possibility at all.

×：Sensitive data and files can be transferred from system to system via IM.

This is incorrect because in addition to text messages, instant messaging allows files to be transferred from system to system. These files could contain sensitive information, putting the company at business or legal risk. And sharing files via IM will use that much network bandwidth and impact network performance.

×：Users can be subjected to attacks posing as legitimate senders from malware containing information.

Incorrect because it is true. Due to lack of strong authentication, accounts can be falsified because there is to accept information from malicious users of the legitimate sender, not the receiver. There will also be numerous buffer overflows and malformed packet attacks that have been successful with different IM clients.

×：A security policy is needed specifying IM usage limits.

This is incorrect because his presentation should include the need for a security policy specifying IM usage restrictions. This is only one of several best practices to protect the environment from IM-related security breaches. Other best practices include upgrading IM software to a more secure version that configures the firewall to block IM traffic, implementing a corporate IM server so that only internal employees communicate within the organization’s network, and implementing an integrated Includes implementing an antivirus/firewall product.

〇：VLAN

Virtual LANs (VLANs) allow logical isolation and grouping of computers based on resource requirements, security, or business needs, despite the standard physical location of the system. Computers in the same department configured on the same VLAN network can all receive the same broadcast messages, allowing all users to access the same types of resources regardless of their physical location.

×：Open Network Architecture  

Open network architecture is wrong because it describes the technology that can configure a network; the OSI model provides a framework for developing products that operate within an open network architecture.

×：Intranet

Incorrect because an intranet is a private network used by a company when it wants to use Internet and Web-based technologies in its internal network.

×：VAN  

Incorrect because a Value Added Network (VAN) is an electronic data interchange (EDI) infrastructure developed and maintained by a service bureau.

〇：OSI reference model

The OSI reference model is a seven-layer classification of network communication. The concepts of application communication and session are separated, which would be clearly communicated based on the OSI reference model. Therefore, the correct answer is “OSI reference model.

×：TCP/IP model

The TCP/IP model is a layer design that is closer to the concept of a system than the OSI reference model; in the TCP/IP model, the application layer, presentation layer, and session layer of the OSI reference model are represented by a single application layer.

×：Data link model

There is no such model.

×：Biba model

Biba model is one of the security models that indicates that data cannot be changed without permission.

A captive portal is a mechanism that restricts communication with the outside world until user authentication, user registration, and user consent are performed when a terminal connects to the network.

There are many different types of distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks; there is no IPSec flood; UDP flood, SYN flood, and MAC flood are all distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks.

Circuit switching is a dedicated communication channel through a network. The circuit guarantees full bandwidth. The circuit functions as if the nodes were physically connected by cables.

War Dialing is the indiscriminate and repeated act of cracking dial-ups in search of dial-up lines, such as those for non-public internal networks. It automatically scans a list of telephone numbers, usually dialing all numbers in the local area code, and searches modems, computers, bulletin board systems, and fax machines.

Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a way to implement a virtual private network (VPN). It is Microsoft’s proprietary VPN protocol that operates at the data link layer of the OSI model; PPTP can only provide a single connection and can operate over a PPP connection.

〇：IGRP

The Internal Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) is a distance vector routing protocol developed by and proprietary to Cisco Systems, Inc. Whereas the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) uses one criterion to find the optimal path between source and destination, IGRP uses five criteria to make an “optimal route” determination. The network administrator can set weights on these different metrics so that the protocol works optimally in its particular environment.

×：RIP  

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is incorrect because it is not proprietary; RIP allows routers to exchange routing table data and calculate the shortest distance between source and destination. It is considered a legacy protocol due to poor performance and lack of features. It should be used in smaller networks.

×：BGP

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is incorrect because it is an Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP); BGP allows routers in different ASes to share routing information to ensure effective and efficient routing between different networks. BGP is used by Internet Service Providers.

×：OSPF  

OSPF is incorrect because it is not proprietary; it uses a link-state algorithm to transmit information in the OSPF routing table. Smaller and more frequent routing table updates.

Computer worms are standalone malware computer programs that replicate themselves and spread to other computers. They typically operate at OSI reference layers 5-7.

Diameter is an authentication protocol that implements the AAA (Authentication, Authorization, Accounting) service, the successor to RADIUS. This can cause performance degradation and data loss. This can lead to performance degradation and data loss.

〇：DNS Hijacking

The DNS plays a great role in the transmission of traffic on the Internet; it directs traffic to the appropriate IP address corresponding to a given domain name DNS queries can be classified as either recursive or iterative. In a recursive query, the DNS server forwards the query to another server, which returns the appropriate response to the inquirer. In an iterative query, the DNS server responds with the address of another DNS server that may be able to answer the question and then proceeds to further ask for a new DNS server. Attackers use recursive queries to pollute the caches of DNS servers.

The attacker sends a recursive query to the victim’s DNS server asking for the IP address of the domain; the DNS server forwards the query to another DNS server. Before the other DNS server responds, the attacker inserts his IP address. The victim server receives the IP address and stores it in its cache for a specific period of time. The next time the system queries the server for resolution, the server directs the user to the attacker’s IP address.

×：Manipulating the hosts file

Manipulating the hosts file is wrong because it does not use recursive queries to pollute the DNS server cache. The client queries the hosts file before issuing a request to the first DNS server. Some viruses add the antivirus vendor’s invalid IP address to the hosts file to prevent the virus definition file from being downloaded and to prevent detection.

×：Social engineering

Social engineering is wrong because it does not require querying DNS servers. Social engineering refers to manipulation by an individual for the purpose of gaining unauthorized access or information.

×：Domain Litigation

Domain litigation is wrong because it does not involve poisoning the DNS server cache. Domain names are at trademark risk, including temporary unavailability or permanent loss of established domain names.

UDP (User Datagram Protocol) floods are often used in distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks because they are connectionless and yet allow for easy generation of UDP messages from various scripting and compilation languages. UDP is a datagram protocol.